More than companions: How pets support cancer survivors through treatment and recovery

Abstract Background: Pets are unequivocally considered part of the family and are often regarded as irreplaceable companions or loved ones. Despite evidence demonstrating the essential nature of pets in households, the human-animal bond is often overlooked by oncology and veterinary care teams when working with cancer survivors. This study explored pet-related experiences of cancer survivors, including the benefits, challenges, and unmet needs, as well as their engagement with informal and formal support systems, including their oncology and veterinary care teams. Methods: The convenience sample consisted of 11 survivors drawn from respondents to a mixed-methods survey about their experiences with pet ownership during and after cancer treatment. The focus groups were organized by cancer type (i.e., breast, lung, colorectal, prostate) to reduce variability in diagnosis and treatment experiences of focus group attendees. The focus groups took place on Microsoft Teams, were audio-and video-recorded, and ranged from 44 to 60 minutes. The study employed three coders, and used reflexive thematic analysis as the analytical framework. Results: The study identified seven main themes, including the importance of recognizing pets as part of the family and the multifaceted benefits of having a pet during cancer treatment. A prominent theme pertained to the challenges and concerns pet owners experienced during cancer and included financial difficulties, anxieties about future care for their pets, and zoonotic risks. Another theme centered on the importance of support systems to help cancer survivors care for their pets. Finally, the theme of limited guidance and support from participants’ medical and veterinary care providers was identified, along with a desire for additional information and resources. Conclusion: Pets play an essential role in the health and quality of life of cancer survivors. They promote a sense of purpose, belonging, and joy. Yet, survivors’ illness and treatment-related factors can cause distress and logistical strains pertaining to their pets’ care. It is imperative that oncology and veterinary care teams approach the care of individuals with cancer and their pets from a One Welfare perspective, acknowledging the instrumental role each plays in the other’s overall well-being.