Recurrent intracranial hemorrhage secondary to congenital factor XIII deficiency: A case report and literature review

Intracranial hemorrhage secondary to FXIII deficiency is exceedingly rare. Clinicians should consider FXIII deficiency when recurrent ICH occurs with normal routine coagulation tests, to enable early diagnosis and life-saving replacement therapy. Early identification of the underlying etiology through comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to guide effective and timely interventions, particularly in the context of increasing ICH incidence and healthcare resource utilization.