When capabilities matter: a review on logistics service providers in humanitarian logistics. A resource orchestration perspective and research agenda

Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: to map the evolution of key research themes in the academic literature since logistics service providers (LSPs) became involved in humanitarian logistics (HL), and to examine how LSPs’ capability portfolios have been applied in HL management. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a mixed-methods approach that combines bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review, structured around the context–interventions–mechanisms–outcome logic. The authors interpret the evidence through the lens of resource orchestration theory, laying a foundation for advancing theoretical debate in HL by clarifying how structuring, bundling and leveraging LSPs’ capabilities contribute to value creation in relief operations. Findings The analysis shows that the “logistics service provider” topic in HL has emerged as an autonomous and productive line of theoretical development, reshaping the discipline. The authors address the fragmented nature of existing research by proposing a comprehensive framework that explains how LSP capabilities generate value in HL from a resource orchestration perspective. Practical implications This research delivers a guide for practitioners seeking to transform humanitarian logistics through stronger partnerships with LSPs by detailing how to orchestrate resources and capabilities in relief operations. Originality/value By using a novel methodological combination, this study advances understanding of LSPs’ engagement in HL, addresses existing research gaps and suggests directions for future investigation, such as sustainability goals.