Main medical and demographic trends in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article analyzes the main medical and demographic parameters of the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. Objective. To assess the trends of the main medical and demographic parameters in the Arctic regions of Yakutia over a 10-year period. Materials and methods. For the statistical analysis of the medical and demographic situation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), data from the territorial authorities of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Rosstat were used. Results. The population decreased by 6.8% due to external and internal migration. Natural increase over the past 5 years has decreased by more than 2 times. The birth rate in these areas, despite the downward trend, was higher than the national and Russian rates. In the Arctic regions, as in the republic as a whole, mortality rates were lower than the all-Russian rates. Regarding mortality causes, external causes ranked second after circulatory diseases and accounted for 19%, reaching almost 30% in the Anabar, Olenek, and Eveno-Bytantay districts, where the indigenous peoples of the North represent the majority of the population. Infant mortality rates were 1.5 times higher than the republic and all-Russian rates in 2015—2016, 2019, and 2022. Conclusion. The analysis revealed a dysfunctional pattern, indicating deterioration in medical and demographic processes in the Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), despite ongoing republic-level activities. The prevailing trends require targeted approaches to improve the socio-economic attractiveness of the Russian Arctic region.