The role of Lactobacillus in dibutyl phthalate-induced gut and liver injury: Probiotic intervention and multi-omics evidence

Our findings demonstrate that DBP-induced hepatotoxicity is mediated, in part, through the specific depletion of intestinal Lactobacillus, leading to gut barrier failure and systemic metabolic disturbances, notably in sphingolipid signaling. Probiotic supplementation with LGG effectively counteracts these defects. This study identifies Lactobacillus as a critical target of DBP and highlights microbiota-directed strategies as a promising avenue for mitigating phthalate toxicity.