SRS208 - Microparticle emissions from drilling 3D-printed temporal bone models in simulation training

Abstract Background Temporal bone dissection is technically challenging and high risk due to complex anatomical structures. Simulation training supports development of anatomical knowledge and bone drilling skills required to perform such procedures safely. Traditionally, otologic simulation has relied on human cadaveric specimens, but their use is restricted by ethical, financial, and logistical challenges. Consequently, 3D-printed models have emerged as a suitable alternative, with several studies demonstrating their educational validity. Artificial models fragment when subject to surgical drilling, potentially producing aerosolised particles however, there has been limited evaluation of their safety and appropriate precautions. Purpose and design This study evaluates particulate emissions generated during drilling of 3D-printed temporal bone models produced from three materials: cured photopolymer resin, white resin and a plaster-polymer composite. Drilling will be performed in a simulation setting using the B Braun ELAN 4 micro bone surgical drill (up to 80 000 rpm) with tungsten carbide and diamond burrs (1.0–6.0 mm). Multiple operators will each undertake a one-hour session, using a start–stop technique to reflect standard practice. Microparticles (1–1000 µm) will be measured in the vicinity of drill operators and at selected locations within the environment to reflect exposure of instructors and observers across multiple stations. Anticipated outcomes Particle concentrations will be compared with Health and Safety Executive reference levels to assess health risks. The study will provide insights into the safety of 3D-printed temporal bone models and the potential need for measures such as personal protective equipment, irrigation, and ventilation at simulation workstations.