Tracing scientific progress: thematic shifts and emerging directions in proton therapy for glioma based on top-cited papers

Purpose This study aims to delineate the scientific advancements in proton therapy for glioma by analyzing the most frequently cited articles over the past 30 years. Methods Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus were independently queried for articles on proton therapy for glioma published between 1997 and 2025. Only items present in both databases were retained for downstream bibliometric analyses. The 100 most-cited articles from this intersection set were extracted for in-depth mapping of countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references and keywords. Data processing and visualisation were carried out with CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix and the online bibliometric platform. Results The United States showcased its strong global leadership in this field, leading in publication output and maintaining extensive collaborative networks with multiple countries. Massachusetts General Hospital emerged as the most prolific institution with 29 papers. Tarbell NJ, Macdonald SM, and Yock TI ranked as the top three authors with 15, 15, and 13 papers, respectively. The analysis also revealed emerging research directions such as “Monte-carlo simulations,” “childhood-cancer survivor,” “cognitive function,” “subventricular zone,” and “radiation necrosis,” which warrant increased attention. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis represents the first systematic identification of the most influential 100 articles on glioma proton therapy. There is a pressing need to further enhance the clinical efficacy of glioma proton therapy while improving safety and reducing treatment costs, to ultimately bring more benefits to patients.