An overview of hybrid materials for next-generation supercapattery energy storage device

The growing global demand for advanced energy storage technologies has driven intense research into devices capable of storing high energy and delivering immense power in short periods, making them suitable for uninterrupted power backup systems. Supercapattery, a hybrid electrochemical energy storage device, has emerged as a promising solution for bridging the gap between the charge storage mechanisms of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. This review provides valuable insights into supercapattery technology and its operating mechanism. It uniquely provides the classification of its materials into double-layer capacitive, pseudocapacitive, binary hybrid, and ternary hybrid materials. This work analyzed nano-materials that are beneficial for the synthesis and fabrication of supercapatteries. It analyzed supercapatteries using performance metrics such as energy-storing capacity (20–100 Wh kg −1 ), power-producing capacity (≥5000 W kg −1 ), specific capacitance (100–500 F g −1 ) at a specified current density, and cycle-life (≥5000 cycles), in the presence of an electrolyte within a potential window. It explored self-discharge mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and the advantages and challenges of the device. It discussed the economic and environmental implications of materials for future considerations. It also discussed potential applications, advancements, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field while recommending promising hybrid materials for next-generation supercapatteries.