Mapping the global research landscape and innovations on elderly glioma: a bibliometric analysis

Objective Glioma demonstrates age-specific molecular profiles and heightened aggressiveness in older adults, yet research remains predominantly focused on younger populations. Amid global aging and rising incidence, tailored therapeutic strategies for elderly patients are urgently needed. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on glioma in the elderly, aiming to map research output, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight interdisciplinary innovations. Methods We conducted a systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection, finding 1,299 relevant publications, and reviewed randomized controlled trials from PubMed to assess clinical progress. We used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze temporal trends, contributions by countries and institutions, collaboration networks, journal impact, co-citations, keyword clusters, and emerging research frontiers. Results Annual publications increased 4.3-fold from 2001 to 2025. The U.S. (32.8%), Italy (12.4%), and Germany (11.0%) were the leading contributors. Research evolution progressed through three phases: histopathological classification (2001–2013), therapy standardization with radiotherapy/temozolomide (2014–2018), and molecular stratification focusing on MGMT methylation (2019–2025). Key institutions included the University of Zurich and Mayo Clinic. Keyword clustering highlighted aging-related priorities such as surgical management, geriatric assessment, and molecular phenotypes. Conclusion Significant gaps persist in elderly glioma research, particularly regarding age-related comorbidities and molecular heterogeneity. While clinical trials have established treatment frameworks, future studies should integrate geriatric assessments, tumor microenvironment dynamics, and cross-disciplinary approaches. Dominance by Western institutions underscores opportunities for global collaboration, especially with rapidly aging nations.