Dietary Fat and Calorie Consumption in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk in a Multicenter Indonesian Study

Introduction: Despite the rising incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia, limited research has focused on the role of dietary factors, particularly fat and calorie intake, in influencing breast cancer risk.Existing studies are scarce and lack comprehensive, multicenter data to establish a clear association within the Indonesian population.This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat and calorie consumption and breast cancer risk among women in Indonesia. Materials and methods:This case-control study was conducted at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital (Padang), Dr. Sardjito Hospital (Yogyakarta), and Dharmais Cancer Hospital (Jakarta).It included 500 women with breast cancer (cases) and 500 without breast cancer (controls), matched for age.Data were collected from medical records and questionnaires using convenience sampling.We conducted bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders based on demographic characteristics. Results:Respondents in the case group were significantly more likely than those in the control group to have excessive fat consumption (85.2% vs. 56.6%;Adjusted OR = 5.86, 95% CI = 3.95-8.70).They were also more likely to have excessive calorie consumption (35.4% vs. 27.2%;Adjusted OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.52). Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for targeted nutritional interventions and awareness programs to reduce modifiable dietary risk factors for breast cancer.Stakeholders, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f including healthcare providers and policymakers, should prioritize promoting healthy eating habits to mitigate breast cancer risk in the population.