The cost of “what might have been”: false memories for counterfactual actions

{"Deciding":[0],"what":[1,8],"to":[2,89,105,125,135,152,164],"do":[3],"should":[4],"typically":[5],"involve":[6],"considering":[7],"could":[9],"have":[10,145],"been":[11],"done,":[12],"but":[13,101,143],"in":[14,29,44,62,167],"fact":[15],"was":[16],"not":[17,201,221],"done.":[18],"We":[19],"tested":[20],"whether":[21],"such":[22],"unchosen":[23,77,100,190],"alternative":[24,50,165],"action":[25,130,185,212],"paths":[26,220],"leave":[27],"traces":[28,218],"memory.":[30],"Across":[31],"two":[32,49],"behavioural":[33],"experiments,":[34],"participants":[35],"solved":[36],"a":[37,59,116,146,209],"modified":[38],"Tower":[39],"of":[40,67,148,189,219],"London":[41],"(ToL)":[42],"task":[43],"which":[45,63],"each":[46],"problem":[47],"afforded":[48],"and":[51,115,195],"equivalent":[52],"optimal":[53],"solution":[54],"paths.":[55],"They":[56],"then":[57],"undertook":[58],"recognition":[60],"test":[61],"they":[64,93],"viewed":[65],"configurations":[66,97,123],"the":[68,73,76,99,182],"ToL":[69],"drawn":[70],"either":[71],"from":[72,80,98,137],"chosen":[74],"path,":[75,78,103],"or":[79],"new,":[81],"unviewed":[82],"configurations.":[83,107,128],"Participants":[84],"were":[85,162],"consistently":[86],"more":[87,117,207],"likely":[88],"judge":[90],"(falsely)":[91],"that":[92,139,150,184,192],"had":[94],"previously":[95],"seen":[96],"plausible":[102],"compared":[104,124],"novel":[106,127,160],"Signal":[108],"detection":[109],"analyses":[110],"further":[111],"showed":[112],"reduced":[113],"discriminability":[114],"liberal":[118],"decision":[119],"criterion":[120],"for":[121],"alternative-path":[122],"control":[126],"Unchosen":[129],"alternatives":[131,191],"may":[132,144],"be":[133],"difficult":[134],"distinguish":[136],"actions":[138],"are":[140,179],"actually":[141],"executed,":[142],"feeling":[147],"familiarity":[149],"leads":[151],"an":[153],"\\"old\\"":[154],"response.":[155],"This":[156],"effect":[157],"replicated":[158],"when":[159],"items":[161,166],"matched":[163],"visual":[168],"similarity,":[169],"ruling":[170],"out":[171],"explanations":[172],"based":[173],"on":[174],"perceptual":[175],"confusability.":[176],"The":[177],"results":[178],"consistent":[180],"with":[181],"idea":[183],"planning":[186],"generates":[187],"representations":[188],"can":[193],"persist":[194],"bias":[196],"later":[197],"memory,":[198],"even":[199],"if":[200],"executed.":[202],"Planning":[203],"therefore":[204],"leaves":[205,216],"behind":[206],"than":[208],"route":[210],"toward":[211],"goals:":[213],"it":[214],"also":[215],"mnemonic":[217],"taken.":[222]}