Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Player VR Simulation for Scrum Training in Higher Education

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a valid educational tool, capable of overcoming some of the limitations of traditional classroom instruction, particularly in teaching complex, process-oriented subjects. This study depicts the design, implementation, and evaluation of a multi-player VR simulation developed to teach Scrum, a widely adopted project management <br/>framework, within a higher education context. To ensure pedagogical relevance and authenticity, we collaborated with four experts and conducted a co-design workshop with five student participants to tailor the simulation experience. The <br/>final VR application was evaluated with N=109 master’s level students, who engaged in a three-sprint simulation using head-mounted displays (HMDs). Working in teams of four, students assumed roles, interacted with virtual Product <br/>Owner (PO) and Scrum Master (SM) avatars and utilized key Scrum artifacts such as product and sprint backlogs, user stories, and a Kanban board. The simulation emphasized collaboration, iterative development and data-driven retrospectives. Evaluation results indicate that the VR training improved students’ understanding of Scrum, as demonstrated by increased test scores and <br/>self-efficacy. Furthermore, high levels of immersion were positively associated with enjoyment and motivation. These findings highlight the potential of immersive VR as an engaging and effective medium for agile training in higher education.