Independence and dependence in central-local relations: multilevel governance in England since the 1970s

We draw on secondary analyses of central-local relations in England over recent decades to suggest that conflicting perspectives on what local government should be for – its role in the UK state - have resulted in an unstable and incoherent governance landscape, hampered strategic thinking, and made it more difficult for public bodies to address pressing challenges. Specifically, ministerial efforts to use local authorities primarily as a mechanism for achieving national policy priorities have created a context of local dependence and central control, which militates against local desires for greater independence and autonomy to shape places. These opposing views lead towards mutual distrust and hinder attempts at greater vertical interdependence, despite broader recognition that more joined-up approaches can increase the capacity of the state to achieve its objectives. We suggest that recent reforms outlined in the English Devolution and Community Empowerment Bill will leave these tensions unresolved.