Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression pattern analysis of the LEA gene family in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are pivotal for seed development and abiotic stress responses in plants. Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a highly adaptable and nutritionally rich pseudocereal, has garnered significant recent interest due to its exceptional stress resistance. Despite its genome sequencing completion, a comprehensive analysis of the LEA gene family in Tartary Buckwheat remains uncharacterized. This study employed bioinformatics approaches for a genome-wide identification of the LEA gene family (designated FtLEA genes) in F. tataricum. We analyzed its subfamily composition, evolutionary relationships, and spatiotemporal expression patterns. A total of 53 FtLEA genes were identified, distributed randomly across eight chromosomes, and categorized into eight subfamilies. Intraspecific collinearity analysis revealed 11 pairs of collinear genes, with no tandem duplications observed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that FtLEA genes exhibit homology with sequences from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous model plants. Interspecies collinearity analysis further demonstrated numerous collinear gene pairs between FtLEA genes and those in both diploid and polyploid dicot crops. Promoter cis-element analysis unveiled various hormone- and abiotic stress-responsive cis-elements within the FtLEA subfamily genes. Spatiotemporal expression profiling demonstrated that FtLEA genes are specifically expressed in seeds and roots, and show significant responses to abiotic stress and hormone treatments, suggesting crucial roles during seed development and stress adaptation. Our comprehensive genomic analysis identified 53 FtLEA genes in Tartary Buckwheat. Selection screening indicated that 11 pairs of intraspecific collinear FtLEA genes underwent strong purifying selection, implying functional conservation during evolution. The predominant expression of FtLEA genes in seeds and roots suggests their involvement in sensing and regulating abiotic stress. This study establishes a foundational understanding of the evolutionary relationships and potential biological functions of FtLEA genes, providing a basis for further targeted research.