The intersection of oral health and fast-food chain expansion in Indian cities: A commercial threat in disguise?

Objectives: To examine the impact of fast-food chain expansion on oral health outcomes and highlight its role as a commercial determinant of health in urban India. Methods: A narrative review of public health literature and oral health epidemiological studies was conducted focusing on dietary patterns, sugar consumption, urban food environments, and dental caries prevalence in Indian populations. Results: Increased consumption of sugar-rich processed foods was associated with higher prevalence of dental caries, particularly among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic disparities, limited regulatory frameworks, and aggressive digital marketing further intensified oral health inequalities. Conclusions: Fast-food proliferation represents a significant public health challenge for oral health in urban India. Policy-level interventions promoting healthy dietary behaviors and strengthened oral health surveillance are urgently needed.