Magnetic field-assisted remineralization of dentin using magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated nanohydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate ion clusters

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of magnetic field application on dentin remineralization using magnetic nanoparticle-coated nanohydroxyapatite with and without calcium phosphate ion clusters. Methods: Extracted molars were prepared and divided into four experimental groups. Magnetic field exposure was applied to two experimental groups. Remineralization was assessed using SEM, AFM, XRD, HRTEM, EDX spectroscopy, and microhardness testing. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The CPIC + MNHAP group under magnetic field exposure demonstrated significantly higher Knoop hardness values compared to other groups. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed mineral deposition and crystal formation. Conclusions: Magnetic field application significantly enhanced dentin remineralization when combined with magnetic nanohydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate ion clusters.