Prevalence and Associated Factors of Renal Disease in Saudi Residents Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

This large, community-based cross-sectional study identifies a significant burden of renal disease among adults in Riyadh and highlights several modifiable risk factors that could be targeted in preventive health programs. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating renal health screening within PHCs and strengthening public health strategies addressing obesity, hypertension, and smoking. While the study relied on self-reported data without biomarker or clinical confirmation, potentially underestimating true prevalence and introducing misclassification bias, it provides a crucial population-level baseline that can guide resource allocation and inform the development of nationwide surveillance systems for early detection of renal disease.