Quantitative analysis of cementum nucleation hotspots for optimized regenerative attachment

Objectives: This study aimed to identify and quantitatively model mineral nucleation hotspots within cementum to guide regenerative periodontal attachment strategies. Methods: A diffusion–reaction mathematical model simulated mineral gradients during cementogenesis. Experimental validation was performed using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction to localize mineralization fronts and calcium-phosphate enrichment zones. Results: Distinct nucleation hotspots were identified in coronal and mid-cementum regions, corresponding to early hydroxyapatite formation zones. These regions demonstrated steep mineral gradients and hierarchical mineral deposition patterns. Conclusions: Cementum nucleation hotspots represent biologically relevant targets for biomimetic scaffold development and periodontal regeneration strategies.