Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of multiple myeloma patients: a single-center study

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by bone marrow infiltration, bone destruction, renal impairment, and systemic complications. Despite advances in the therapy, treatment response varies, and prognostic indicators remain critical for predicting outcomes. Aim To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of MM patients and determine associations between prognostic factors and treatment response. Patients and methods This retrospective observational study included 60 MM patients diagnosed according to International Myeloma Working Group criteria. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected. Patients received standard chemotherapy regimens (primarily VCD or VRD), supportive care with bisphosphonates, and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) when eligible. Treatment responses were classified as complete response (CR), partial response, stable disease, or progressive disease. Results The mean age was 54.45 ± 10.73 years; males represented 53.3%. The overall response rate was 40% (CR: 11.7%, partial response: 28.3%), while 40% showed no response (stable disease: 30%, progressive disease: 10%). ASCT was performed in 20% of patients, with a 75% CR rate posttransplant. No significant association was found between treatment response and age, sex, clinical features, or most laboratory parameters. However, renal function (creatinine, GFR) and inflammatory markers (PLR, neutrophil-to lymphocyte) significantly differed between responders and nonresponders. Conclusion MM predominantly affected patients over 50 years. While overall response was modest, ASCT yielded favorable outcomes. Renal impairment and inflammatory markers may have prognostic significance, whereas most demographic and clinical factors were not predictive of response.