An analysis of prehistoric human-water relationship in Liyang Plain based on digital technology

<p indent="0mm">The unique geographical setting and complex hydrological environment of the Liyang Plain exerted a profound influence on the distribution of settlements and human activities. By employing early satellite imagery and GIS analysis, this study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Neolithic sites and their water utilization patterns in the Liyang Plain. The results reveal a distinct settlement pattern characterized by proximity to water sources and elevated locations, reflecting a dual consideration for water access and flood prevention. Furthermore, marked differences in water management practices are observed between the eastern and western regions. In the eastern Censhui basin, a networked regulatory system emerged, centered at Jijiaocheng site and interconnected by moats and canals. In contrast, the western Danshui basin exhibited a more decentralized and independent management model, represented by the settlement at Chengtoushan site. The research demonstrates that prehistoric societies in the Liyang Plain did not adopt a uniform approach to water management. Instead, they developed diverse, localized adaptive strategies based on micro-hydrological conditions, highlighting the sophisticated human-environment interaction and adaptive capacity of early communities.