Effects of Staggered Liquid Cooling Plates on Lithium-Ion Batteries Thermal Performance

This paper proposes a staggered liquid cooling plates (LCP) and semi-immersion cooling method. A numerical simulation model was established based on the Newman–Tiedje–Gu–Kim electrochemical model and the multiscale multidomain method. The system analysis included the influence of coolant inlet velocity [Formula: see text], channel angle [Formula: see text], channel width [Formula: see text], and channel height [Formula: see text] on heat dissipation performance. The results show that increasing [Formula: see text] will reduce the maximum temperature [Formula: see text] and the average temperature difference [Formula: see text], but when [Formula: see text] exceeds [Formula: see text], the improvement weakens. The angle [Formula: see text] achieves the best thermal uniformity, but it will cause a sudden increase of 417.7% in pressure drop [Formula: see text]. Increasing a and b enhances heat dissipation by expanding the contact area of the coolant. When [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] decreases by 0.75%, and the comprehensive heat transfer performance JF increases by 1231%. The top of the LCP was changed to a through-hole parallel coolant in contact with the battery (semi-immersed cooling). Compared with the original design, [Formula: see text] decreased by 86.22%, and JF increased by 47.61%.