Smallholder Agency and Income Disparity in the Context of Agricultural Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Models in the Flower Industry Across Four Regions in Yunnan

How to effectively leverage the agency of smallholder farmers to boost rural incomes and achieve common prosperity is a core issue in agricultural development and transformation. Taking the flower industry in four regions of Yunnan Province as a case, this paper adopts an analytical framework of government-market-society synergy to examine industrial organizational models under different synergistic approaches and their impacts on industrial prosperity, smallholder agency, and income disparities. The comparative analysis reveals that combining appropriately open market mechanisms with moderate government intervention, while coordinating household-based operations through industry associations, currently represents an effective pathway to translate industrial prosperity into rural common prosperity.