Healing secrets of the Vincetoxicum genus: A voyage into its medicinal wonders

AbstractTradition and nature are intertwined in a symphony where plants are the silent healers. The genus Vincetoxicum of the Apocynaceae family includes several species with high medicinal potential, widely recognized in India under the traditional name “antmool.” Due to the extensive therapeutic applications of Vincetoxicum species, many of these plants face endangerment. Species within Vincetoxicum are valued for their bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly phytochemicals with significant pharmacological relevance. Notably, the alkaloid tylophorine is credited with multiple therapeutic effects, including anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. A variety of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have demonstrated the promising pharmacological potential of Vincetoxicum, particularly for the respiratory and metabolic conditions. Recognized as an invaluable resource in traditional medicinal systems, Vincetoxicum also presents considerable prospects for novel drug development. This review encompasses the information that species of this genus in treating several health problems like asthma, diabetes, respiratory problems, and cancer with remarkable biological activities. Unsustainable harvesting practices have led to population declines in species such as Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum. Although tissue culture and in vitro propagation methods offer a promising route for conservation, implementation remains limited. Molecular phylogenetic evidence has led to the reclassifiaction of Tylophora as part of Vincetoxicum, with species like Tylophora indica now recognized as Vincetoxicum indicum. Despite its demonstrated pharmacological versatility, the clinical utility of Vincetoxicum remains constrained by inconsistent trial outcomes and a lack of standardized formulations.