Updated cosmological constraints from 2D BAO measurements: a new compilation and comparison with DESI DR2

Abstract We investigate and update observational constraints on cosmological parameters within the $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM and dynamical dark energy frameworks, using a new compilation of the transverse (or 2D) BAO data, measurements that provide a relatively model-independent estimate of the BAO angular scale at a given redshift. Firstly, we assess the consistency of this compilation with CMB-Planck data and recent BAO results from the DESI collaboration. After confirming minimal tension with CMB data, we perform a series of joint analyses combining CMB data with the 2D BAO compilation, as well as with several recent Type Ia supernova (SNIa) samples. In all cases, we compare the constraining power of the 2D BAO data with that of DESI DR2 data (3D BAO). Our results indicate that combining 2D BAO with CMB and SNIa data provides observational constraints that are in agreement with those obtained using DESI DR2 data. Although the precision of DESI DR2 results remains higher, as expected due to the more accurate 3D measurements, the 2D BAO compilation combined with other probes yields strong constraints. For example, in the $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CDM context, we find (CMB + 2D BAO): $$H_0 = 68.16^{+0.41}_{-0.37} \,\,\, \text {km s}^{-1}\,\text {Mpc}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>68</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.41</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Mpc</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$\Sigma m_{\nu } &lt; 0.081~\textrm{eV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.081</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>eV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (95% CL). These results are consistent with analogous analyses using DESI DR2. Several other cases are investigated and discussed in the main text. Our results show that this new 2D BAO compilation is robust and delivers meaningful cosmological constraints. Parameters from 2D BAO alone agree with CMB-only results, with no significant tension. Overall, 2D and 3D BAO provide consistent and complementary information when combined with other probes.