CAUSES, INITIAL STRATEGIES AND IMPACTS TO THE INCLUSION OF NPE 1986 AND NEP 2020 TO IMPROVISED HIGHER EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Education is one of the efficient elements to transform the nation in an effective way. Higher education is an essential part of education system. Indian higher education system is growing in a tremendous way day by day. The government of India has introduced a new National Education Policy 2020 for the betterment of education system and also provide an equal accessible education system. In the year of 1986, the second National Policy of Education was introduced to remove all the disparities and to equalize educational opportunities specially for the women and SC, ST community. The major principles of new National Education Policy 2020 are access, equity, quality, accountability and affordability. The major purpose of this review study is to identify the causes to the inclusion of NEP 2020 in higher education, to find out the initial strategies of NPE 1986 and NEP 2020 to improvised higher education and also to identify the impacts to the inclusion of NPE 1986 and NEP 2020 in higher education. The research findings reveal the result that the major causes to the inclusion of NEP 2020 in higher education is to provide multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary curriculum, equal accessible education, holistic development of the learner, quality and affordable education system, digitalised education, internationalization of education, provide professional and skill-based education. Through the strategies of flexible learning environment, multidisciplinary education, vocational and skill-based education, inclusivity and technology-based education, innovative research and entrepreneurship, the new NEP 2020 included all these strategies to improvised higher education. The 2nd NPE 1986 included different kinds of strategies to improvised higher education such as vocational education, equity in education, women education, education for SC, ST community, open and distance education, co-curricular activities and interdisciplinary approach, Universalisation of elementary and adult education, rural university, value education, innovative research in education. The major impacts to the inclusion of NPE 1986 in higher education is it recognized that women education and women enrolment in higher education is growing rapidly, students’ enrolment in higher education specially the SC, ST student enrolment number is rising year by year. Through the inclusion of NEP 2020 in higher education, student get more employment opportunities, upbringing their skill, student’s enrolment ratio in higher education is increasing year by year, students are more innovative in research work and also the academic outcomes in higher education is growing rapidly.