Blockchain-enabled dynamic traceability and fraud prevention framework for enhancing transparency in global food supply chains

The food supply chains across the globe are becoming more complex, and therefore, traceability, transparency, and prevention of fraud are becoming critical issues for perishable goods. The current blockchain-based traceability solutions, including the light blockchain with internet of things (IoT) to track perishable goods and the trusted blockchain system to track fruits and vegetables, enhance monitoring but experience poor throughput, partial fraud detection, and lack dynamic validation and automated alerts, which limits real-time responsiveness. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a Blockchain-Based Dynamic Traceability and Fraud Prevention Framework of the food supply chain, that is, processed foods, agricultural goods, and beverages, based on the US Supply Chain Risk Analysis Dataset. The framework provides a unique digital batch ID, applies smart contract-based dynamic verification, calculates the fraud score, and triggers automatic alerts and recalls to increase transparency and safety. The system is being deployed in Hyperledger Fabric, which is a simulation of real-time events of 190 food-related records. The results of the evaluation indicate that it can be optimized regarding throughput (180 TPS), latency (180 ms) and query response (140 ms), and fraud detection accuracy (95%), which is a great improvement over the existing literature. It can serve as an example of how blockchain and smart intelligent contracts can transform monitoring the food supply chain and provide the stakeholders with actionable information.