Dynamic Profiling of Angiogenic, Metabolic, and Immune Checkpoint Biomarkers Predicts Chronic Critical Illness and Long-term Outcomes in Abdominal Sepsis

Our findings suggest that Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS), a maladaptive pathophysiological state, plays a central role in the development of CCI following abdominal sepsis. The combination of serial biomarker data and clinical variables enables earlier and more accurate risk stratification. This approach may support timely and targeted interventions to improve patient survival and long-term recovery.