A scoping review of risk factors for urinary tract infections following renal transplantation

This review aims to identify the risk factors associated with urinary tract infections(UTIs) after kidney transplantation, providing a reference for the early recognition and prevention of these infections in clinical practice. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology framework for scoping reviews was adopted as the methodological guidance, and literature searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL, with the search period spanning from the inception of each database to October 15, 2025. Data extraction and summary analysis were carried out on the included literature. A total of 29 studies were included, and 28 risk factors for UTIs after kidney transplantation were identified, which were categorized into four groups: patient factors, disease-related factors, treatment-related factors, and other factors. Existing research indicates that factors influencing UTIs after kidney transplantation are multifaceted (including patient factors, disease-related factors, treatment-related factors, and other factors) and exhibit regional differences. It is necessary to control these influencing factors according to specific circumstances and to develop appropriate nursing measures.