CHILD MARRIAGE: A STUDY OF TAMIL NADU

Child marriage has historically constituted a significant socio-cultural challenge in Tamil Nadu, shaped by entrenched caste hierarchies, patriarchal norms, and economic constraints. This study critically examines the historical background, legislative evolution, and contemporary trends of child marriage in the region. Using a qualitative and quantitative research framework, the study draws upon census data, legislative records, reformist writings, and secondary scholarly sources to analyse patterns across different historical phases. Evidence from the colonial period, particularly under the Madras Presidency, indicates a high prevalence of marriages among girls below the age of fifteen, often resulting in early widowhood and limited educational opportunities. The study further evaluates the impact of social reform movements led by prominent figures such as Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, whose advocacy significantly influenced public opinion and policy formulation. Legislative interventions, including progressive amendments culminating in the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, have contributed to a measurable decline in early marriages. Despite notable progress, district-level disparities persist, particularly in economically disadvantaged rural communities where poverty, gender inequality, and limited awareness continue to sustain the practice. The findings underscore that legal measures alone are insufficient without complementary investments in female education, economic empowerment, and community-based awareness initiatives. The study concludes that a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach is essential to ensure the sustainable eradication of child marriage in Tamil Nadu.