The role of cement-derived atmospheric dust in soil contamination: a pathway analysis for ecosystem and food chain risks

This study assessed the environmental and health risks posed by hazardous elements in dust from cement production and storage facilities in Ogun and Ondo States, Nigeria. Dust samples were collected around of cement stores, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICPOES) was used for analysis, to identify and quantify hazardous elements. Concentrations were compared to regulatory limits from agencies such as the EPA, WHO, IAEA, and OSHA. Elevated levels of several hazardous elements were found, with manganese (Mn) in Location A reaching 75.2 ppm, surpassing the EPA limit of 50 ppm. High levels of hafnium (Hf) and thorium (Th) were also detected, likely due to industrial emissions. The study revealed spatial variations in contamination, with some areas more affected than others. Strong correlations between elements like cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) suggested common contamination sources. The study highlights significant environmental and health risks from dust contamination around cement stores, with elevated element levels posing threats to air, soil, and water quality. Urgent regulatory action and mitigation strategies are needed to reduce pollution and protect public health in these regions.