A review of dental implant materials for structural and functional restoration of the mandible

Objectives: To compare biomechanical properties, clinical performance, and patient-centered outcomes of titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants used in mandibular reconstruction. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted focusing on studies evaluating implant materials used in mandibular reconstruction. Mechanical strength, osseointegration capacity, biocompatibility, radiographic characteristics, and esthetic outcomes were analyzed. Results: Titanium implants demonstrated superior mechanical strength and predictable osseointegration, making them suitable for high load-bearing regions. However, limitations included radiographic opacity and potential hypersensitivity reactions. PEEK implants provided improved esthetics, radiolucency, and elastic modulus comparable to cortical bone, but showed lower mechanical strength and reduced osseointegration potential. Surface modification techniques enhanced PEEK bioactivity. Conclusions: Both titanium and PEEK exhibit distinct advantages in mandibular reconstruction. Case-specific material selection is essential to optimize biomechanical stability, esthetics, and long-term clinical outcomes.