Spin Alignment in Cr–W–Cr Motif Promotes <i>N</i> , <i>N</i> -Dimethylformamide Electrosynthesis from Dimethylamine Self-Coupling

Formamides are indispensable building blocks in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, yet their sustainable synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we present the first electrochemical strategy for the direct synthesis of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide (DMF) via dimethylamine (DMA) self-coupling, eliminating the need of external carbon sources. The designed Cr<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> catalyst features a Cr-W-Cr motif, where the Cr sites can exhibit either positive and negative spin moments. This spin arrangement creates a spin relay active center that promotes spin-matched C-N coupling between *N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and *CHO intermediates, lowing the reaction energy barrier. Notably, with a DMA concentration of 0.1 M, the system delivers a DMF Faradaic efficiency of 45.0% and a yield rate of 21.3 μmol cm<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. At 0.5 M DMA, the yield rate further increases to 60.0 μmol cm<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. This work opens a sustainable and efficient route for DMF production and highlights spin alignment as a design principle for electrochemical C-N bond formation.

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Journal
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Published
2026-03-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c02094
Primary Topic
CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
Type
article
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article

Spin Alignment in Cr–W–Cr Motif Promotes N , N -Dimethylformamide Electrosynthesis from Dimethylamine Self-Coupling

Xiang‐Da Zhang, Pengsong Li, Xijie Wang, Bing Han et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
article

Spin Alignment in Cr–W–Cr Motif Promotes N , N -Dimethylformamide Electrosynthesis from Dimethylamine Self-Coupling

Xiang‐Da Zhang, Pengsong Li, Xijie Wang, Bing Han, X. L. Kang, Huizhen Liu, Qingli Qian, Ganwen Zhang, Congyang Wang, Yuqing Hou, Mingfei Shao, Yong Wang, Qinggong Zhu, Lihong Jing
article en

Abstract

Formamides are indispensable building blocks in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, yet their sustainable synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we present the first electrochemical strategy for the direct synthesis of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide (DMF) via dimethylamine (DMA) self-coupling, eliminating the need of external carbon sources. The designed Cr<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> catalyst features a Cr-W-Cr motif, where the Cr sites can exhibit either positive and negative spin moments. This spin arrangement creates a spin relay active center that promotes spin-matched C-N coupling between *N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and *CHO intermediates, lowing the reaction energy barrier. Notably, with a DMA concentration of 0.1 M, the system delivers a DMF Faradaic efficiency of 45.0% and a yield rate of 21.3 μmol cm<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. At 0.5 M DMA, the yield rate further increases to 60.0 μmol cm<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. This work opens a sustainable and efficient route for DMF production and highlights spin alignment as a design principle for electrochemical C-N bond formation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (CN), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Beijing University of Chemical Technology (CN)
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
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