Screening and regulation of nanozyme activity via liquid metals coined electron rearrangement and phase engineering

Liquid metals (LMs) have been used for design of advanced materials by leveraging their unique liquid and electronic properties. Here, we design a series of liquid metal-buffered amorphous molybdenum sulfide nanozymes with different gallium indium ratios, in which Ga_75.5In_24.5 MoS_X nanozymes exhibit the enzyme-like activity, superior to the crystalline MoS₂. This has been verified and assigned to the roles of liquid metal: (i) serving as the building template, (ii) phase engineering with catalytic active sites, (iii) electron-rich microenvironment for improving catalytic activity. Besides, the amorphous Ga_75.5In_24.5 MoS_X nanozyme possesses oxidase (OXD)-like and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase (NOX)-like activity to achieve multiple-enzyme-like cascade catalytic reactions, disrupting intratumoral redox and metabolism homeostasis. As the example of leveraging liquid metal as a well-designed platform to screen high-performance nanozyme with excellent therapeutic effects, this work highlights the roles of tailored electronic structure and phase engineering for regulation of catalytic activity of nanozymes and may also broaden the application of liquid metal in catalysis and biomedical field.