Learning Curve for Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in a Junior Endoscopic Spine Surgeon: A Phase-Specific Retrospective Analysis

Lumbar fusion surgery has evolved significantly with the development of minimally invasive techniques aimed at reducing approach-related morbidity while maintaining comparable outcomes to conventional open procedures. 1)Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is widely performed for various degenerative lumbar conditions, including degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis. 2)Furthermore, minimally invasive techniques such as the use of a tubular retractor or per-Learning Curve for Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal