Modern caries therapy: Exploring the science of remineralization and peptide-based repair

Objectives: To review contemporary biologically driven approaches for managing early carious lesions through remineralization and peptide-based biomimetic repair strategies. Methods: A narrative review of recent experimental and clinical studies was conducted focusing on enamel remineralization mechanisms, peptide-mediated mineral deposition, and translational applications of biomimetic technologies in preventive dentistry. Results: Modern remineralization strategies demonstrated improved enamel mineral recovery through calcium-phosphate delivery systems and bioactive agents. Peptide-based therapies facilitated nucleation and crystal growth, mimicking physiological biomineralization. These approaches showed potential to restore enamel structure, enhance mechanical strength, and reduce the need for invasive restorative procedures. Conclusions: Biomimetic remineralization and peptide-based technologies represent a paradigm shift in caries management by prioritizing tissue preservation and biological repair. Further clinical validation is required to support widespread adoption.