General and Sport-related Marketing Techniques in Canadian Recreation and Sport Facilities: cross-sectional photo analysis of food and beverage advertisements

This study highlights the presence of food branding and the use of sport-related marketing to promote unhealthy products/brands in RSFs. Monitoring protocols may underestimate exposure to persuasive food marketing by overlooking subtle, symbolic, and cross-channel techniques. Future research can be improved by including subtle techniques and reinforced messages across marketing channels.