FISH-BORNE ZOONOTIC TREMATODES IN THE RED RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS

Fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections (FZTi) present a significant public health threat in many Asian countries, particularly in rural communities where the consumption of raw or undercooked fish is culturally entrenched. Vietnam, situated within the endemic region for several FZT species, is notably affected by these parasites, including both minute intestinal flukes (MIF) and small liver flukes (SLF). Despite ongoing control efforts, the Red River Delta region continues to report substantial prevalence, highlighting the need for updated epidemiological data. This cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence and associated risk factors of FZTi in three rural communes—Nghia Hong (Nam Dinh), Kim Tan (Ninh Binh), and Thanh Thuy (Ha Nam)—within the Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam. These areas were selected due to previous reports of high raw fish consumption and the presence of fish-borne trematodes. The study collected demographic, behavioral, and parasitological data from a representative sample of residents across the three communes. Stool samples were analyzed to identify the presence of trematode eggs using standard parasitological techniques. Structured interviews assessed fish consumption habits, hygiene practices, and awareness of foodborne infections. Findings from previous literature reveal a historical prevalence range of 0.2% to 53% for Clonorchis sinensis and 0.3% to 36.9% for Opisthorchis viverrini, with a high likelihood of underreporting for MIF. This study builds on these insights to reassess the current burden in the selected communes. Preliminary analyses indicate that raw fish consumption, age, sex, occupation (fishing/farming), and sanitation practices are significant predictors of infection. The study's findings are expected to inform health authorities and guide the development of targeted public health interventions, particularly educational campaigns aimed at reducing raw fish consumption and improving community hygiene