Characterization and in vitro anti-oral cancer potential of nanochitosan from cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831)

Abstract Background: The exoskeletons of crustaceans like shrimp and crabs, as well as the cuttlebones of certain marine creatures, abundantly contain chitin, the natural material that gives rise to chitosan. Chemical modification techniques can synthesize nanochitosan from the cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis . This involves the extraction of chitosan from the cuttlebone, followed by the application of different methods to create nanoparticles. Aims: This study elucidates the process of creating nanochitosan through an ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles are useful for delivering medicine to treat oral cancer. Materials and methods: To analyze its structural characteristics and form, the produced chitosan was investigated using methods such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, radiography diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The chemical properties and morphology of nanochitosan can vary based on the synthesis method employed, affecting its potential applications, particularly in biomedical fields. Results: In vitro experiments reveal that nanochitosan is capable of preventing oral cancer cell growth, possibly by initiating cell death and affecting cellular communication. Nanochitosan natural biocompatibility, combined with enhanced cell uptake characteristics attributable to its nanosized form, positions it as a valuable candidate for drug delivery systems in treating oral malignancies. Conclusion: Thus, further exploration in clinical settings could confirm its therapeutic efficacy and pave the way for new treatment modalities targeting oral cancer.