Reactivation and Performance of Stored Aerobic Granules for the in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Stored aerobic granules, if recovered adequately without a substantial loss of structural integrity and biological function, offer a viable option for long-term storage in practical applications. This study used aerobic granules stored for 30 days in tap water. To assess the stability of the stored granules and the effectiveness of their removal of organic pollutants following reactivation, the reactor was run for 50 days. Industrial wastewater with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.4 g of COD/L·day was fed into the reactor. The findings showed that after 10 days, the stored granules quickly reactivated, removing total COD, soluble COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP with removal efficiencies of 94%, 83%, 97%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. More than 90% granulation percentages and SVI15 levels below 40 mL/g indicated the exceptional settleability of the reactivated granules’ exceptional settleability. These results showed that storing aerobic granules in tap water could enable rapid startup of granular sludge reactors. However, to determine the shelf life of stored granules and the survival of key strains responsible for eliminating organic pollutants from industrial wastewater, further investigation is needed.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
ACS ES&T Water
Published
2026-03-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00746
Primary Topic
Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Reactivation and Performance of Stored Aerobic Granules for the in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Irshad Ali Gopang, Zulfiqar Ali Solangi, Gianni Andreottola, Sajid Hussain
ACS ES&T Water
Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
article

Reactivation and Performance of Stored Aerobic Granules for the in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Irshad Ali Gopang, Zulfiqar Ali Solangi, Gianni Andreottola, Sajid Hussain
article en

Abstract

Stored aerobic granules, if recovered adequately without a substantial loss of structural integrity and biological function, offer a viable option for long-term storage in practical applications. This study used aerobic granules stored for 30 days in tap water. To assess the stability of the stored granules and the effectiveness of their removal of organic pollutants following reactivation, the reactor was run for 50 days. Industrial wastewater with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.4 g of COD/L·day was fed into the reactor. The findings showed that after 10 days, the stored granules quickly reactivated, removing total COD, soluble COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP with removal efficiencies of 94%, 83%, 97%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. More than 90% granulation percentages and SVI15 levels below 40 mL/g indicated the exceptional settleability of the reactivated granules’ exceptional settleability. These results showed that storing aerobic granules in tap water could enable rapid startup of granular sludge reactors. However, to determine the shelf life of stored granules and the survival of key strains responsible for eliminating organic pollutants from industrial wastewater, further investigation is needed.

ACS ES&T Water
American Petroleum Institute (US), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (PK), University of Trento (IT), Petroleum & Gas University of Ploieşti (RO), Institute of Environmental Engineering (PL)
Clean water and sanitation
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Reactivation and Performance of Stored Aerobic Granules for the in Industrial Wastewater Treatment — Irshad Ali Gopang, Zulfiqar Ali Solangi, et al. · ACS ES&T Water (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS