Research on the Significance of Criteria Influencing the Deployment of Micromobility Devices in Cities Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Methods

Urban mobility is increasingly affected by air pollution and traffic congestion caused by conventional private vehicles, as well as by insufficient flexibility of public transport. Micromobility devices (MMDs) can mitigate these and other negative impacts on quality of life due to their distinctive characteristics, the significance of which is investigated in this research. To address these challenges facing the modern city, a system of 15 hierarchically unstructured criteria influencing the deployment of MMDs in urban areas was established. The relative weights of these criteria were calculated based on the assessments of 16 experts and the criterion weights were determined using four multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: ARTIW-L (Average Rank Transformation into Weight—Linear), ARTIW-N (Average Rank Transformation into Weight—Non-Linear), DPW (Direct Percentage Weight), and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The results indicate that the expert judgments are consistent, as Kendall’s coefficient of concordance 0.406 is 3.8 times greater than the minimum value of 0.106 (at a significance level 0.05 and 14 degrees of freedom). In addition, the consistency ratios (C.R.) calculated from the AHP pairwise comparison matrices were below 0.1. The demonstrated consistency of the expert judgements and the compatibility of all matrices justify adopting the average of the relative weights obtained using the four MCDM methods as the final solution. According to the experts, the most important criteria for MMD deployment are travel safety (0.1336), travel duration (0.1302), the influence of infrastructure quality on comfort (0.0841), impact on health (0.0805), and the cost of purchasing an MMD (0.0713), while the remaining criteria are of lower significance. Based on the research results it is expected that the identified micromobility implementation measures will be useful for decision-makers and urban development planners.