Recent advancements in diagnosis of oral cancer

Objectives: To review recent technological advancements improving early detection and diagnostic accuracy of oral cancer. Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on imaging modalities, biomarker-based diagnostics, artificial intelligence applications, and digital pathology platforms used for oral cancer screening and diagnosis. Results: Optical imaging techniques such as OCT, narrow-band imaging, and autofluorescence enabled non-invasive visualization of potentially malignant lesions. Salivary and serum biomarkers supported molecular-level detection. AI-driven models enhanced image interpretation and risk stratification. Digital pathology facilitated rapid diagnosis and remote consultations. Conclusions: Integration of advanced diagnostic technologies enables earlier detection, improved accuracy, and better patient outcomes. Adoption of multimodal diagnostic approaches is essential for effective oral cancer control.