Recent advances in nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Objectives: To evaluate emerging adjunctive therapies and host-modulatory strategies used in non-surgical periodontal treatment. Methods: A literature review was conducted focusing on host modulation therapies, probiotics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, guided biofilm therapy, and biologic agents used alongside scaling and root planing. Clinical outcomes and inflammatory response modulation were analyzed. Results: Host-modulatory agents such as probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, statins, and specialized pro-resolving mediators demonstrated anti-inflammatory and bone-preserving effects. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy showed modest clinical improvements, while guided biofilm therapy enhanced plaque removal efficiency. Despite promising outcomes, evidence quality varied across studies. Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal therapy continues to evolve with host-modulation and biofilm-targeted approaches offering improved treatment outcomes. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required to strengthen clinical recommendations.