ESG reporting and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria: a contemporary analysis

The increasing global emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations has driven corporate institutions, including financial institutions, to incorporate sustainability in their operations. This study examines the impact of ESG reporting on the financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks using panel data from 2015 to 2024. Employing a Fixed Effects Model, the study finds that corporate governance, environmental disclosure, risk management, and social responsibility significantly influence return on equity (ROE). The findings reveal that corporate governance has the strongest effect on financial performance, followed by environmental disclosure and risk management. The results suggest that integrating ESG principles into banking operations enhances financial stability and investor confidence. The study recommends that Nigerian banks strengthen governance structures, improve environmental and social disclosures, and adopt robust risk management frameworks to drive long-term financial growth. Furthermore, regulatory agencies should enforce stricter ESG compliance measures to ensure sustainability and responsible banking practices.