A Simulation Study to Evaluate Radiation Exposure Doses by Injection of Radiopharmaceuticals during Nuclear Medicine Procedures

Alpha-emitting radionuclides, such as radium-223, actinium-225, and astatine-211, have significant therapeutic advantages because of their high linear energy transfer and targeted cytotoxicity.However, these radionuclides also pose substantial safety concerns because alpha particles concentrate the radiation dose locally and extravasation can cause severe tissue damage.This study evaluated internal radiation exposure during nuclear medicine procedures, focusing on the risks associated with radionuclide stagnation.Using virtual phantom modeling, we quantified radiation distribution following injection mishaps.Our research revealed that emitters result in the highest localized radiation doses, especially near blood vessels, in contrast to positron emitters, whose radiation doses are distributed more diffusely.These findings underscore the need for enhanced safety protocols, especially given the increased responsibilities of medical physicists and radiologic technologists.The study may highlight the absence of standardized extravasation management strategies and emphasize the need for improved approaches to mitigate adverse effects.Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of heightened vigilance and adherence to safety practices in the evolving field of nuclear medicine.