The Concept of Wisdom (Ḥikmah) and its Connection to Art in the Ontological, Philosophical, and Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Art

Abstract This study explores the concept of ḥikmah (wisdom) as a foundational element in Islamic thought and its profound connection with Islamic art. Drawing from primary Islamic sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and Shia narrations, as well as classical Islamic philosophy and Sufi mysticism, the research investigates how wisdom functions as both a metaphysical principle and a practical guide shaping artistic expression. The article examines the dual dimensions of theoretical (alḥikmah alnaẓariyyah) and practical wisdom (alḥikmah alʿamaliyyah), demonstrating their interplay in the formation of Islamic aesthetics, ethics, and spiritual symbolism. Through an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates theology, philosophy, and art history, the paper highlights how Islamic art serves as a visual manifestation of divine wisdom, reflecting cosmic order, moral values, and metaphysical truths. By analyzing historical examples and philosophical texts, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the ontological and epistemological foundations of Islamic artistic traditions.