Compound terms, free word combinations and complex words with the component “diplomacy” in the Russian language as a reflection of current processes in the socio-political sphere

The subject of the study is compound terms, free word combinations, and complex words with the component “diplomacy” in the Russian language. The relevance of the work is determined by the need for a systematic description of linguistic means that reflect transformations in the socio-political sphere and contemporary diplomatic practice amidst the polarization and digitalization of international communication. The aim of the study is to identify, systematize, and classify these nominations according to structural and semantic features. The material comprises over 1,300 units extracted from more than 10,000 contexts represented in the Russian National Corpus. The work examines both established terminological units and new nominations on the periphery of the language, which makes it possible to trace the dynamics of linguistic change and identify the main trends in the formation of such lexical units in modern Russian. The methodological basis of the study is structural-semantic analysis, which involves identifying patterns in the formation of nominations and subsequently constructing a semantic classification. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that we have, for the first time, proposed a comprehensive classification of structural and semantic types of single-word and multi-word nominations with the component “diplomacy”. Within the structural approach, five main patterns of constructing such units are identified — from two-component adjective-noun constructions to multi-word combinations with various types of connections. The semantic classification includes five models reflecting the qualitative, instrumental, objective, subjective, and comparative characteristics of diplomacy. It is established that there is no direct correspondence between structure and semantics: one semantic model can be expressed by different structural types, and vice versa. The conducted analysis allows us to conclude that the diversification of contemporary diplomatic practices is consistently reflected in language through the activation of nominative processes, while the proposed classifications possess predictive potential, allowing to anticipate new units emerging alongside corresponding phenomena in the socio-political sphere.