Ultra-Compacted Antenna-based Capsule Endoscope in the ISM Band

This article presents a proposal for the miniature implantable antenna of a microstrip patch that covers ISM bands (2400–2483.5 MHz) for deep-tissue implantation with a volume of just 0.3 mm³. The proposed antenna is the smallest and lightest antenna manufactured for wireless capsule endoscopy. The antenna can be integrated with an imaging sensor, electronic components, and a battery. The proposed Microstrip Patch Antenna MPA shows a 483 MHz wider bandwidth at 2483.5 MHz; Beef muscles were used to validate the antenna's performance experimentally. The safety issues are assessed to examine the performance of the proposed antenna incorporated in an endoscopy capsule device by considering the specific absorption rate (SAR).