The Role of Language and Literature in the Discourse of Azerbaijanism (1960–1980)

Azerbaijanism represents the national ideology and state doctrine of the Azerbaijani people. As an intellectual and political concept, it began to take shape in the early twentieth century and gained institutional expression during the period of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920). Although the ideology was marginalized under the Soviet political system, its cultural foundations were preserved and gradually revived toward the end of the century, contributing to the restoration of Azerbaijani statehood. This article examines the role of language and literature within the discourse of Azerbaijanism during the period 1960–1980. The study argues that the national language and literary tradition functioned as essential components in sustaining Azerbaijanist consciousness during the Soviet era. By analyzing selected literary works and broader cultural developments, the article explores how linguistic and literary expression contributed to the preservation of national identity. Particular attention is given to the cultural and political environment that supported these processes and to the historical role of Heydar Aliyev in strengthening the institutional and cultural conditions that facilitated the development of Azerbaijanist discourse during this period.