Alcohol use: less is better. An umbrella systematic review of clinical interventions, policies, and dose–response health risks in adults

Overall evidence favoured lower alcohol intake and avoidance of heavy episodic drinking, although confidence varied by endpoint and was limited for several questions by the quality of the available syntheses. Apparent low-dose benefits were not robust to bias-aware analyses. These findings support a pragmatic counselling and policy message of "less is better" rather than a universal safe threshold.