Ex Situ and In Situ STEM Investigations of Memristive Switching Mechanisms in Off-stoichiometric SrTiO3

Artificial Intelligence has transformed industries, scientific research, and society, but its escalating energy demands present critical environmental challenges. Addressing these issues requires advancements in energy efficiency and computational performance. Perovskite oxide ferroelectric materials, with their non-volatile resistive switching and spontaneous polarization, offer great potential for achieving ultra-low power consumption and high energy efficiency. Atomic to mesa scale understanding and control of the interplay between polarization dynamics, chemical interactions, and electronic transport are essential in addressing the performance and reliability challenges for industrial adoption. In this talk, we will present ex situ and in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) investigations of the memristive switching mechanisms in off-stoichiometric SrTiO₃.